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Understanding public perspectives on direct-to-consumer pharmacogenomic testing in the UK: a qualitative study
Amy Mathieson1, Lisa Brunton2, Stephanie Gillibrand2
1Centre for Primary Care and Health Services Research, University of Manchester, Greater Manchester, England, UK. amy.mathieson@manchester.ac.uk.
The Pharmacogenomics Journal
|July 25, 2026
Summary
Public enthusiasm for direct-to-consumer (DTC) pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing in the UK is high, but requires robust regulation and data protection. Addressing equity and trust is crucial for widespread adoption of these genetic tests.
Area of Science:
- Genomic Medicine
- Public Health Policy
- Consumer Health Technologies
Background:
- Direct-to-consumer (DTC) pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing is increasingly available in the UK without specific regulatory oversight.
- Previous recommendations for genomic testing standards have not been applied to PGx services.
- Public perception and expectations are vital for the responsible integration of new health technologies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate public attitudes towards DTC PGx testing in the UK.
- To understand public expectations regarding pre-test information, quality assurance, and data usage by the National Health Service (NHS).
- To identify key factors influencing public trust and acceptance of DTC PGx services.
Main Methods:
- Thematic analysis of focus group discussions with UK members of the public.
- Participants included individuals with and without prior experience of purchasing DTC health tests.
- Exploration of awareness, motivations, and concerns related to DTC PGx testing.
Main Results:
- Three core themes emerged: understanding of DTC PGx, altruistic motivations and equity concerns, and trust (or lack thereof).
- Participants expressed general enthusiasm for PGx testing, contingent on addressing equity, data protection, and regulatory issues.
- Concerns regarding data sharing and privacy were particularly prominent among participants.
Conclusions:
- Public acceptance of DTC PGx testing hinges on robust regulatory frameworks, clear quality standards, and transparent data governance.
- Addressing equity and data protection concerns is essential to foster public trust in pharmacogenomic services.
- Future development of DTC PGx testing in the UK must prioritize public engagement and ethical considerations.
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