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Coccidioidal Peritonitis: Clinical Characteristics, Treatment and Outcomes
Jamilah L Shubeilat1, Sandhya R Nagarakanti1, Abeer Almajali1
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85045, USA.
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 27, 2026
Summary
Peritoneal coccidioidomycosis, a rare fungal infection, shows favorable outcomes with antifungal therapy. Most patients respond well, with relapses uncommon and manageable, even in immunocompromised individuals.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Mycology
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Peritoneal coccidioidomycosis is a rare disseminated form of Coccidioides infection.
- Limited literature exists on this specific manifestation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze outcomes and treatment of peritoneal coccidioidomycosis.
- To evaluate the efficacy of antifungal therapy in diverse patient groups.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 37 proven or probable cases.
- Analysis of antifungal therapy, treatment duration, and patient outcomes.
- Inclusion of data on immunosuppression, relapses, and adverse effects.
Main Results:
- 36 patients received antifungal therapy with clinical response.
- Relapse occurred in 5% of patients who completed therapy, successfully retreated.
- 13 patients required regimen modification due to azole adverse effects.
- Treatment duration averaged 57 months, similar for immunosuppressed and non-immunosuppressed groups.
- No deaths were attributed to the infection.
Conclusions:
- Azole antifungal therapy demonstrates strong clinical efficacy for peritoneal coccidioidomycosis.
- Favorable prognosis is achievable with monitoring, especially when indefinite therapy is not feasible.
- Immunosuppression did not significantly alter treatment approach or outcomes.
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