Two-Dimensional Layered Materials for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: Multifunctional Roles and Mechanistic Insights

The critical need for safe, scalable grid-scale energy storage has positioned aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) as a leading solution. However, their commercial deployment faces significant challenges: dendrite growth and corrosion at the anode, and dissolution and slow reaction kinetics at the cathode. Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, with their unique structural and chemical properties, are emerging as pivotal enablers to overcome these hurdles. This review systematically analyzes the multifunctional applications of 2D layered materials (graphene derivatives, MXenes, TMDs, etc.) as protective anode layers, high-capacity cathode hosts, advanced separators, and electrolyte additives in AZIBs. We provide a mechanistic understanding of how 2D layered materials inhibit zinc dendrite formation, suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and other side reactions, enhance cathode stability, and facilitate efficient ion transport. Finally, this review critically examines the key challenges and future research directions for implementing 2D layered materials in high-performance AZIBs, providing new insights to guide their scalable production and commercial deployment.