[Research progress of toluene exposure and its health hazards]

Toluene is one of the most widely used organic solvents in industry today and is also a commonly abused inhalant among the population. Prolonged exposure to toluene causes multi-system health damage, significantly affecting public quality of life and resulting in substantial socioeconomic costs. Toluene entering the human body primarily damages the nervous system, genetic and reproductive development, as well as liver and kidney metabolic functions, while also affecting the respiratory, circulatory, and hematological systems, and may even increase the risk of cancer. This paper systematically reviews recent studies on toluene exposure levels and their associated health hazards, comprehensively presents research advances in the field, and provides insights and theoretical support for health risk assessment, prevention strategies, and future scientific research on toluene exposure.