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Combined therapy strategies of immune checkpoint inhibitors in gynecologic oncology: progress and challenges

Xiaomei Hu1, Mingshu Zhou1, Weimin Kong2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China.

Frontiers in Oncology
|July 31, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show promise for gynecologic cancers but work best in combination therapies. Optimizing these advanced treatment strategies is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Gynecologic malignancies pose significant threats to women's health.
  • Conventional treatments often yield unsatisfactory outcomes for advanced or recurrent cancers.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offer potential but have limited efficacy as monotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of ICIs in gynecologic cancers.
  • To focus on combination strategies involving ICIs with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, PARP inhibitors, and anti-angiogenic agents.
  • To summarize mechanisms, clinical progress, and challenges of ICI-based therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ICI applications in gynecologic cancers.
  • Analysis of combination strategies and their mechanisms.
  • Presentation of clinical trial data and discussion of challenges.

Main Results:

  • ICI-based combination therapy is revolutionizing advanced gynecologic cancer management.
  • Combination approaches demonstrate improved efficacy compared to monotherapy.
  • Key challenges include drug resistance, adverse events, and biomarker development.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing ICI combination regimens is essential for clinical practice.
  • Deeper understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment is required.
  • Development of reliable biomarkers and well-designed clinical trials are critical for future progress.
Keywords:
biomarkerscombination therapygynecologic cancersimmune checkpoint inhibitorstumor microenvironment

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