Biomimetic Gradient Porous Core-Shell Fibers with Enhanced Gas Sensing for CO-Temperature Dual-Mode Early Fire...

Area of Science:

• Materials Science and Engineering
• Chemical Sensors
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Early fire detection is crucial for mitigating fire disaster impacts.
• Existing systems face challenges in simultaneously monitoring temperature and gases like carbon monoxide (CO).
• Need for highly sensitive and rapid fire-warning sensors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a facile coaxial wet-spinning strategy for a dual-parameter fiber sensor.
• To enable simultaneous detection of carbon monoxide (CO) and temperature for early combustion warning.
• To investigate the effect of gradient porous structures on sensor performance.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of a core-sheath structured fiber sensor using coaxial wet-spinning.
• CO sensing sheath: SnO2/In2O3 heterojunction/aramid nanofiber (ANF)/silver nanowire composite with biomimetic gradient pores.
• Temperature sensing core: MXene; ANF isolation layer.

Main Results:

• The gradient porous structure significantly enhanced CO sensitivity (15% higher response) and reduced response time (19.28 s).
• Achieved a CO detection limit of 10 ppm, surpassing most fire-warning fibers.
• Rapid temperature monitoring (within 3 s) and precise detection (50-300 °C) with high sensitivity (20.6 μV K⁻¹) and linearity (R² = 0.99).

Conclusions:

• The developed dual-parameter fiber sensor offers a promising solution for ultrafast early fire warning.
• Gradient pore structures are effective in enhancing CO sensing performance.
• This work provides a novel design perspective for advanced fiber sensors in fire safety applications.