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In Vivo Continuous Biosensing: Design Considerations and Emerging Technologies
Siyi Zou1,2, Qiyu Fu1,2, Guozhen Liu1,2
1Integrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis (ID2) Laboratory, CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Joint Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine Engineering, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|August 10, 2026
Summary
Implantable biosensors offer continuous health monitoring by measuring biomarkers in real-time. This review covers design strategies, applications, and challenges for advancing these vital in vivo sensing technologies.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Materials Science
- Implantable Biosensors
Background:
- In vivo biosensing enables continuous, real-time monitoring of biomarkers for health and disease.
- Advances in materials science, microelectronics, and bioengineering have expanded the capabilities of implantable sensors.
- Successful clinical translation requires high analytical performance, biocompatibility, safe energy, and reliable wireless communication.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of in vivo biosensor design strategies.
- To categorize and analyze different implantation approaches: material-based, injectable microdevices, and surgical implants.
- To discuss historical development, state-of-the-art examples, and design considerations.
Main Methods:
- Review of historical development and current state-of-the-art in in vivo biosensing.
- Categorization of biosensor implantation strategies.
- Comparative analysis of advantages and limitations of different approaches.
Main Results:
- Key application areas include metabolic monitoring (e.g., continuous glucose monitors), cardiovascular management, neural interfaces, and oncology.
- Design strategies are categorized into material-based implants, injectable microdevices, and surgical implants.
- Each strategy presents unique advantages and limitations influencing clinical translation.
Conclusions:
- In vivo biosensors are revolutionizing health monitoring with diverse applications.
- Overarching challenges and future perspectives are identified to guide the next generation of implantable devices.
- Widespread clinical impact depends on addressing design, performance, and biocompatibility requirements.