Shearing-Assisted Interfacial Exfoliation of Graphene Inks for Embodied Intelligence

Unlike conventional printed electronics, embodied intelligence systems impose simultaneous demands on high electrical conductivity, intrinsic deformability, multimodal responsiveness, and scalable manufacturability to enable seamless integration into wearable human-machine interfaces. Herein, we report a shear-assisted interfacial exfoliation strategy for the scalable production of high‑performance graphene conductive inks. The resulting ink is completely additive‑free and nontoxic, eliminating the need for chemical reductants or insulating stabilizers. It achieves a high concentration (23.1 mg/mL) and an exceptional production yield, while preserving the pristine lattice structure to minimize defects and deliver a high electrical conductivity of 1.49 × 10⁴ S/m. Based on this ink, we fabricate screen‑printed multifunctional sensors that exhibit a gauge factor (GF) of 192.2 for strain sensing, together with excellent cyclic stability. Importantly, the sensor architecture enables effective signal decoupling among temperature, humidity, and strain modalities, ensuring reliable and accurate data acquisition. The practical utility of the sensor is demonstrated in diverse scenarios, ranging from precise physiological monitoring to large-range motion tracking. This study provides a scalable, cost‑effective, and high-performance material solution for next-generation wearable electronics and soft robotic systems.