Recent advances and challenges in carbon nitride-based nanoplatforms for gas therapy

While gas therapy exhibits a promising future, achieving targeted delivery and controlled release of gas molecules remains a major hurdle for its clinical translation. As a novel photocatalyst consisting of carbon and nitrogen, graphitic carbon nitride (CN or named g-C₃N₄) shows great promise as a candidate platform for gas therapy due to its large specific surface area, superior catalytic activity, tunable band gap and good biocompatibility. Nevertheless, specialized reviews focusing on such materials in the field of gas therapy have not been reported, and the relevant research urgently needs to be systematically summarized. Therefore, we review the properties of CN-based materials, summarize their synthetic methods, and for the first time discuss their applications in gas therapy. Furthermore, in this paper we present a detailed discussion on the biosafety and toxicity evaluation of CN-based materials. In particular, the challenges and prospects of CN-based materials in the field of gas therapy are also highlighted. As a crucial link between materials science and gas therapy, CN-based materials are expected to bring revolutionary breakthroughs and broad prospects for the clinical translation of gas therapy.