Thyroid Artery Embolization: A Review and Considerations for the Interventional Radiologist

Thyroid artery embolization is an evolving minimally invasive therapy for selected benign and malignant thyroid diseases. Described over a decade ago as an alternative for patients with contraindications to surgery and radioiodine treatment, it has now emerged with expanded indications owing to advances in angiographic technique, calibrated embolic agent technologies, microcatheter devices, and image guidance. This review aims to provide a succinct high-yield clinical update to interventional radiologists approaching thyroid disease angiographically, spanning indications, patient selection, technical considerations, clinical outcomes, and complications.