Association of poor sleep patterns with all-cause mortality among participants with hypertension: a prospective...

The purpose of our study is to clarify the relationship between sleep duration, self-reported trouble sleeping, sleep disorders, and poor sleep patterns and all-cause mortality in participants with hypertension.

We analyzed data from 11,359 hypertensive adults with complete follow-up. Sleep patterns were characterized based on sleep duration, self-reported trouble sleeping, and the presence of physician-diagnosed sleep disorders. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause mortality were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.

Compared to healthy sleep patterns, poor sleep patterns were linked to higher all-cause mortality risk in hypertensive individuals (HR = 1.22 95% CI: 1.10-1.35). Specifically, long sleep duration (HR = 1.32 95% CI:1.18-1.49), sleep difficulties (HR = 1.11 95% CI: 1.02-1.20), and sleep disorders (HR = 1.25 95% CI: 1.11-1.42) increased mortality risk respectively. Among short sleepers, a duration of ≤ 4 h conferred a 24% greater risk relative to 7-9 h of sleep (HR = 1.24 95% CI: 1.07-1.45).

The presence of poor sleep patterns, specifically long sleep duration, self-reported sleep troubles, or diagnosed sleep disorders, was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality among hypertensive participants. Compared with the hypertensive participants who slept for 7-9 h, those who slept for no more than 4 h had a higher risk of all-cause mortality.

The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-026-00659-3.