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[Association of nutrient patterns with cognitive function among adults aged 55 years and older in four provinces of
1National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100050, China Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100050, China.
Abstract:
Objective: To explore the association between nutrient patterns and cognitive function, as well as their dose-response relationship, among adults aged ≥55 years in four provinces (Hebei, Zhejiang, Shaanxi and Hunan) of China. Methods: A total of 4 178 individuals aged ≥55 years who did not have neurological disorders at baseline in the Community Cohort Study on Neurological Disorders (CCSNSD) from 2018 to 2019 were selected as the research subjects. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to extract four nutrient patterns, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) total score and scores in each cognitive domain were used to evaluate cognitive function. The generalized linear regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to analyze the association between scores for four nutrient patterns and cognitive function. Results: The mean age of 4 178 participants was (66.97±7.19) years, with males accounting for 44.6% (1 863). The total score [M (Q1, Q3)] of MoCA was 24 (19, 28) points. PCA extracted four nutrient patterns, namely "Carbohydrate-Thiamine" pattern, "Vitamin-Mineral" pattern, "Lipid-Vitamin E" pattern, and "Cholesterol-Niacin" pattern, which could explain 83.11% of the total variance. The results of the generalized linear regression model analysis showed that after adjusting for relevant confounding factors, the Q4 group had a higher total MoCA score compared to the Q1 group with the "Vitamin-Mineral" pattern score (β=1.41, 95%CI: 0.94 to 1.88, P<0.001). Compared with the Q1 group with scores in the "Lipid-Vitamin E" pattern, the Q4 group had a lower total MoCA score (β=-0.97, 95%CI:-1.46 to -0.48, P<0.001). RCS analysis showed a non-linear positive association between the "Vitamin-Mineral" pattern and the total MoCA score (Pnon-linear <0.001), while the "Lipid-Vitamin E" pattern showed a negative association with the total MoCA score, with no non-linear association observed (Pnon-linear=0.364). Conclusion: The nutrient pattern rich in vitamins and minerals is positively associated with cognitive function among older adults in China, while a lipid-related complex nutrient pattern is negatively associated with cognitive function.
