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Updated: Oct 24, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
Published on: August 13, 2019
Cardiovascular Health in Women: Navigating Menopause and Beyond
Nadia Obaed1, Isabella Mihaj1, Matthew Nudy1
1Division of Cardiology, Department of Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), specifically atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD), remains the leading cause of death among women globally and persistent cardiovascular disparities exist for women compared to men. The menopausal transition represents a critical cardiometabolic inflection point during which women experience accelerated adverse changes in lipid profiles, body composition, vascular function, and metabolic parameters independent of aging alone. Traditional ASCVD risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and obesity may exert disproportionately greater cardiovascular effects among women compared with men. In conclusion, a lifespan approach that recognizes menopause as a critical inflection point for ASCVD prevention is essential.
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