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Updated: Oct 27, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
Published on: January 23, 2017
Focus: Do Kranzberg's Laws Need an "Update"?
Abstract:
This essay revisits Kranzberg's laws in light of developments across the history and sociology of technology over the past few decades. It interrogates the laws' anthropocentric assumptions against recent scholarship that has expanded technological agency beyond the human. It also reconsiders "technological systems" by bringing a wide range of animate and inanimate actors into accounts of technological change. This expanded perspective also complicates Kranzberg's distinction between technical and "nontechnical" factors shaping technological trajectories. The essay concludes by questioning the possibilities of assigning technologies stable moral categories of "good," "bad," or "neutral."
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