The complement system in bullous pemphigoid. I. Complement and component levels in sera and blister fluids

Compared with other serum and blister fluid proteins, total hemolytic complement was reduced in the blister fluid of six serologically positive bullous pemphigold patients while four serologically negative cases had blister fluid complement levels closely approaching the serum levels. Except for pemphigus vulgaris blisters. blister fluids from most patients with other bullous diseases and experimentally induced blisters had blister fluid complement levels more closely approaching the serum levels. With the exception of the two terminal components. C8 and C9, individual components of the complement sequence were also reduced in the blister fluids of the six bullous pemphigold patients with circulating basement membrane zone antibodies. On the other hand, transferrin and IgG levels of these same six serologically positive blister fluids closely approached the corresponding serum levels. Conversion of C3 proactivator was also demonstrable in the serologically positive bullous pemphigoid blister fluids, but not in the corresponding sera. Our studies, therefore, are suggestive of local activation of the complement sequence, by both the classical and alternate pathways, in blisters of serologically positive bullous pemphigold patients.