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Community-acquired acinetobacter pneumonia

M L Rudin, J R Michael, E J Huxley

    The American Journal of Medicine
    |July 1, 1979
    PubMed

    Insights

    Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var anitratus can cause severe community-acquired pneumonia, particularly in older adults with chronic conditions. Early appropriate antibiotic therapy is crucial for improving survival rates in these patients.

    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Microbiology
    • Pulmonology

    Background:

    • Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var anitratus is a gram-negative bacillus rarely reported as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia.
    • This study investigates the clinical presentation and outcomes of pneumonia caused by this organism.

    Observation:

    • Six new cases of community-acquired, bacteremic pneumonia due to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var anitratus were identified.
    • The organism appears to be a more frequent cause of community-acquired pneumonia than previously recognized.

    Findings:

    • Acinetobacter pneumonia typically affects older individuals with chronic diseases, notably alcoholism.
    • The illness is characterized by rapid onset, respiratory distress, hypoxemia, leukopenia, and shock.
    • Radiographic findings include lobar or bronchopneumonic infiltrates, often becoming bilateral rapidly, with frequent pleural effusions.
    • The mortality rate is high at 43%, with granulocytopenia, empyema, and inappropriate antibiotic therapy predicting fatal outcomes.

    Implications:

    • This organism should be considered in the differential diagnosis of severe community-acquired pneumonia, especially in at-risk populations.
    • Prompt and appropriate antibiotic treatment, including carbenicillin and an aminoglycoside, is associated with increased survival.
    • Further research is warranted to understand the pathogenesis and optimize treatment strategies for Acinetobacter pneumonia.

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