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Carcinogen activation by human uterine enzymes
Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science
|May 1, 1979
Summary
Environmental chemicals can initiate gynecologic tumors by activating estrogens via specific enzymes. Estrogen receptors then act as a cellular "Trojan Horse" for these activated compounds.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Oncology
- Environmental Health
Background:
- Carcinogenesis in estrogen-responsive tissues is complex.
- Key areas include benzo(a)pyrene activation, estrogen metabolism, and hormone receptor roles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the enzymology of benzo(a)pyrene activation.
- To examine the microsomal activation of estrogens to estrogen arene oxides.
- To discuss estrogen and progesterone receptor roles in endometrial carcinoma.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of enzymology.
- Analysis of microsomal activation pathways.
- Examination of receptor studies in endometrial cancer.
Main Results:
- Environmental chemicals induce specific cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases.
- These enzymes activate estrogens and antiestrogens.
- Activated estrogens act as initiators/promoters in estrogen-dependent organs.
Conclusions:
- A working hypothesis for gynecologic tumor etiology is proposed.
- Cytochrome P-450 enzymes play a crucial role in chemical carcinogenesis.
- Estrogen receptors facilitate the action of activated estrogens within cells.