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Interferon interactions with thyroid cells.

R M Friedman, G Lee, S Shifrin

    Journal of Interferon Research
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Mouse interferon enhances iodide uptake in functioning rat thyroid cells, showing a biphasic effect and a highly sensitive antiviral response. This suggests a potential link between thyrotropin and interferon receptors in differentiated thyroid cells.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Immunology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Thyroid cells regulate iodide uptake, a crucial process for hormone synthesis.
    • Interferons are key mediators of antiviral responses and cellular communication.
    • Differentiated cells often exhibit unique responses to external stimuli compared to undifferentiated cells.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of mouse interferon on iodide uptake in functioning rat thyroid (FRTL) cells.
    • To characterize the dose-response relationship and kinetics of interferon's effect.
    • To explore the relationship between interferon's antiviral activity and its effect on iodide uptake.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized purified mouse interferon and FRTL cell cultures.
    • Measured iodide uptake, intracellular cyclic AMP levels, and 2',5'-polyadenylate synthetase activity.

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  • Assessed antiviral protection and the effect of cholera toxin and actinomycin D.

    • Main Results:

    • Mouse interferon significantly increased iodide uptake in FRTL cells in a biphasic manner.
    • The effect on iodide uptake was rapid (within 20 min) and not mediated by cyclic AMP.
    • FRTL cells showed a much higher sensitivity to interferon's antiviral effects and synthetase induction compared to nonfunctioning FRT cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Functioning thyroid cells exhibit a uniquely sensitive response to mouse interferon.
    • Interferon's effect on iodide uptake is distinct from its antiviral activity, as shown by actinomycin D experiments.
    • The findings suggest a possible interaction between thyrotropin and interferon receptors in differentiated thyroid cells.