Respiratory rate as a determinant of optimal pacing rate

Efforts have been made to utilize biologic parameters for determining optimal cardiac pacing rates. In this study of 67 patients, a significant relationship between heart rate and respiratory rate was observed during dynamic exercise. A system using a radiofrequency activator to modify pacing rate is described. Eleven patients have received VVI pacemakers with a similar implanted radio receiver coil. In two patients the fully automatic system has been successfully implanted. The experience with respiratory rate as a determinant of pacing rate is encouraging.