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Intrusions and perseverations.

A G Shindler, L R Caplan, D B Hier

    Brain and Language
    |September 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Intrusions and perseverations are common in dementia and aphasia, but rare in healthy controls. While intrusions may indicate dementia, they are not exclusive to Alzheimer's disease (SDAT).

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuropsychology
    • Cognitive Neurology

    Background:

    • Dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (SDAT), and aphasia are associated with cognitive impairments.
    • Understanding specific error patterns like intrusions and perseverations can aid in differential diagnosis and cognitive assessment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the occurrence and characteristics of intrusions and perseverations in individuals with presumed senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT), other dementias, aphasia, and healthy controls.
    • To explore the relationship between these error types and dementia severity, and their potential neuropsychological underpinnings.

    Main Methods:

    • Examined 22 subjects with presumed SDAT, 22 with other dementias, 20 with aphasia, and 17 healthy controls over 50 years old.
    • Defined and assessed intrusions (repetition after intervening stimuli) and perseverations (immediate inappropriate repetition).

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    Main Results:

    • Intrusions and perseverations were significantly more frequent in demented and aphasic groups compared to controls.
    • Intrusions were most frequent in SDAT and Wernicke aphasia, but not correlated with dementia severity.
    • Perseverations were most common in Wernicke aphasia and communicating hydrocephalus, occurring even without evident frontal lobe injury.
    • Intrusions and perseverations showed low correlation, suggesting distinct underlying mechanisms.

    Conclusions:

    • Intrusions are a valuable indicator of dementia but not pathognomonic for SDAT, possibly arising from difficulties accessing long-term memory.
    • Perseverations can occur independently of frontal lobe damage, likely involving impaired self-monitoring and mental set shifting.
    • These distinct error types suggest separate neuropsychological mechanisms contribute to cognitive deficits in neurological conditions.