Ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology

Ultrasound is the imaging method of choice for evaluating the pregnant abdomen. It appears to be free of any deleterious biologic effects. The fetus and other structures within the uterus can be imaged in great detail, and abnormalities in growth and development of these structures can be demonstrated. Ultrasound has a far less specific role in the evaluation of gynecologic abnormalities. The normal uterus and, less frequently, the normal ovaries can be imaged. Masses arising in these strucutres can often be conclusively demonstrated by ultrasound when physical examination is inconclusive. The ultrasonic texture of these masses, whether they be solid, cystic or complex, can be determined accurately. However, the determination of whether these masses are benign or malignant cannot be made by ultrasound criteria. Ultrasound has also proven useful in evaluating patients with ambiguous genitalia, amenorrhea and suspected PID and also is an effective means of localizing intrauterine contraceptive devices.