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Enzyme patterns in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

M A Gerber, S N Thung

    The American Journal of Pathology
    |February 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Enzyme alterations in liver cancer, including increased gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTPase) and decreased glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), show significant heterogeneity. These patterns mirror those seen in experimental hepatocarcinogenesis.

    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Biochemistry
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Enzyme alterations are characteristic of experimental hepatocarcinogenesis.
    • Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTPase) activity is typically elevated in neoplastic hepatocytes.
    • Canalicular adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activities show more variable changes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the histochemical patterns of key marker enzymes in human liver cancers.
    • To compare enzyme alterations in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) with experimental models.
    • To assess the diagnostic utility of enzyme histochemistry in liver tumor classification.

    Main Methods:

    • Histochemical techniques were employed to analyze enzyme activities.

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  • Marker enzymes studied included GGTPase, ATPase, and G6Pase.
  • Human liver samples (10 HCCs, 1 adenoma, 1 cholangiocarcinoma) and non-tumorous liver tissue were examined.

    • Main Results:

    • All HCCs exhibited distinct enzyme patterns compared to normal liver tissue.
    • Marked increase in GGTPase activity was observed in 8 out of 10 HCCs.
    • Loss of G6Pase and ATPase activities occurred in 6 and 8 HCCs, respectively.
    • Significant heterogeneity in enzyme phenotypes was noted, with 5 of 7 possible combinations observed.

    Conclusions:

    • Human HCCs display significant enzyme heterogeneity, similar to experimental models.
    • Enzyme histochemistry can differentiate HCCs from normal liver and adenomas.
    • Observed enzyme alterations provide insights into hepatocarcinogenesis pathways.