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Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and behavior.

P C Datta, M G King

    Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) influences learning, memory, and attention in mammals. This peptide also affects central nervous system arousal and neurotransmitter levels, potentially interacting with other hormones.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroendocrinology
    • Behavioral Neuroscience
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) plays a role in various species, influencing cognitive functions like learning, memory, and attention in mammals.
    • MSH shares structural similarities with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), but exhibits distinct secretory pathways and behavioral effects.
    • Shorter MSH peptide chains, such as MSH/ACTH4-10, retain melanotropic and behavioral activities without steroidogenic impact.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the behavioral and neurochemical effects of alpha-MSH and related peptides.
    • To explore the mechanisms underlying MSH's influence on learning, attention, and arousal.
    • To examine the interplay between MSH, neurotransmitters, and other hormonal systems.

    Main Methods:

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    • Administration of alpha-MSH and MSH/ACTH analogues to human and infrahuman subjects.
    • Observation of behavioral changes, including novelty-induced defecation.
    • Measurement of neurotransmitter levels (dopamine and norepinephrine) in rat brains.
    • Assessment of cyclic-AMP activity and interactions with MIF-1 and melatonin.

    Main Results:

    • Alpha-MSH and MSH/ACTH analogues modulate learning, attention, and memory parameters.
    • Alpha-MSH increases central nervous system sensitivity and arousal.
    • Administration of alpha-MSH decreases whole brain dopamine and norepinephrine levels and increases cyclic-AMP activity.
    • MSH may interact with hypothalamic tripeptide MIF-1, melatonin, and endorphins.

    Conclusions:

    • MSH significantly impacts cognitive functions and central nervous system arousal.
    • The behavioral effects of MSH are linked to changes in neurotransmitter levels and cyclic-AMP signaling.
    • MSH appears to act in concert with other neuroendocrine factors, including endorphins, to regulate attention and learning.