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Human monkeypox.

Z Jezek, A I Gromyko, M V Szczeniowski

    Journal of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Microbiology, and Immunology
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Human monkeypox, an orthopoxvirus infection, presents with distinct clinical and epidemiological features compared to smallpox. While rare, its low transmissibility suggests it is not a major public health concern.

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    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Virology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Human monkeypox is an important orthopoxvirus infection in West and Central Africa.
    • It resembles smallpox clinically but differs epidemiologically, with pronounced lymphadenopathy as a key distinguishing feature.

    Observation:

    • Since 1970, 57 cases have been reported, primarily in Zaire, with higher incidence during the dry season.
    • Children under ten years old constitute 84% of cases.
    • Smallpox vaccination offers protection, and human-to-human transmission is limited (secondary attack rate 10% in close contacts).

    Findings:

    • Monkeypox virus shows limited avidity for humans, suggesting a zoonotic origin, though reservoirs are unidentified.
    • The disease has a 14% case-fatality rate but can be mild or atypical.

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  • Low transmissibility indicates monkeypox is not currently a significant public health problem.

    • Implications:

    • Ongoing studies aim to identify the monkeypox virus's natural cycle and better define its characteristics.
    • Surveillance in endemic areas is crucial to ensure the disease remains contained, especially with waning smallpox immunity.
    • Understanding monkeypox is vital for epidemiological surveillance in the post-smallpox era.