Prostaglandin synthesis by cells comprising the calf pulmonary artery

Prostaglandin (PG) production was evaluated in the three cell types (endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblast) comprising the bovine pulmonary artery. Prostacyclin (PGI2) was the predominant prostaglandin (PG) produced by endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblast cells as they exist in culture or in freshly excised tissue fragments. In addition to PGI2, measurable amounts of PGE2, PGF2a, and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) were also produced by these cells. Endothelial cells were the most active producers of PGs. However, the type of PG produced was characteristic of the particular cell type, while the level of production was dependent on external factors. Prostaglandin production by cultured cells, both under basal conditions and in response to stimulatory agents, was quite similar to that of the respective freshly excised tissue fragments containing a given cell type. These cells in culture could be stimulated to produce PGI2 by both angiotensin and bradykinin at very low (physiological) concentrations, a further indication of the retention of the physiological responsiveness of these cells in culture. Endothelial cells and fibroblasts were activated by bradykinin at concentrations as low as 10(-12) M but did not respond to angiotensin. Smooth muscle cells in primary and first passage cultures were activated by both bradykinin and angiotensin at 10(-12) M concentrations. Serial subcultivations of smooth muscle cells resulted in a progressive loss in their responsiveness to bradykinin stimulation. The state of cell growth proved to be an important determinant of PG production. Actively growing cells in culture synthesized less PG when compared to cells which had entered into a "quiescent" nongrowth state.