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Lysosomal thyroid hormone 5'-deiodinase.

E Q Colquhoun, R M Thomson

    FEBS Letters
    |November 19, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Rat liver and kidney lysosomes contain a thiol-dependent 5'-deiodinase enzyme. This enzyme specifically processes reverse T3 (3,3',5'-triiodothyronine), suggesting a role in thyroid hormone regulation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Cell Biology
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Lysosomes are key cellular organelles involved in degradation.
    • Thyroid hormones, including thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), regulate metabolism.
    • Alterations in thyroid hormone levels are linked to various physiological states and diseases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and characteristics of 5"-deiodinase activity within rat liver and kidney lysosomes.
    • To determine the substrate specificity and optimal conditions for the lysosomal 5"-deiodinase.
    • To explore the potential role of lysosomal 5"-deiodinase in thyroid hormone metabolism and regulation.

    Main Methods:

    • Preparation of lysosomes from rat liver and kidney.
    • Loading lysosomes with the detergent Triton WR-1339.

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  • Assay of 5"-deiodinase activity using reverse T3, T4, and T3 as substrates.
  • Determination of enzyme thiol dependence and optimal pH.

    • Main Results:

    • Lysosomes exhibited membrane-bound 5"-deiodinase activity.
    • The enzyme showed highest specificity for reverse T3 (3,3",5"-triiodothyronine), with lesser activity for thyroxine (T4) and minimal activity for T3 (3,3",5").
    • The enzyme was thiol-dependent and optimally active at pH 7.2.

    Conclusions:

    • Rat liver and kidney lysosomes possess a distinct thiol-dependent 5"-deiodinase with specific activity towards reverse T3.
    • Inhibition of this lysosomal enzyme could lead to increased intracellular reverse T3, potentially initiating changes in thyroid hormone levels.
    • Lysosomal function and 5"-deiodinase activity may represent a novel regulatory pathway for thyroid hormones.