Analysis of baseline and BrdU-dependent SCEs at different BrdU concentrations

In the present paper we have used a rationale based on the development of theoretical equations that define sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies as a function of two variables, namely the baseline (BrdU-independent) and the BrdU-dependent SCE frequencies. The experimental design includes the estimation of SCE frequencies in second division chromosomes when both cycles occurred in the presence of BrdU and when BrdU incubation took place only during the first cycle in a wide range of BrdU concentrations. The final SCE yields in second division chromosomes could be separated into three different components: (1) The BrdU-independent, 'spontaneous' or baseline SCEs, whose low but biologically significant frequency was calculated to be about 0.06 SCEs per pg of DNA; this figure could be similar for most of the cell types; (2) the BrdU-dependent SCEs whose frequency increases with BrdU dose, probably as a result of BrdU substitution for thymidine; (3) the BrdU-dependent SCEs as a consequence of other cellular factors such as disturbance of nucleotide pool sizes. At high BrdU concentrations (300 microM upward) the three components appear to have a significant value in the final SCE yield, whereas at lower BrdU doses the third component seems to be negligible.