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Hypernatremic dehydration in infants with gastroenteritis

F A Khuffash, H A Majeed

    Clinical Pediatrics
    |May 1, 1984
    PubMed

    Insights

    Young infants under 3 months are most at risk for hypernatremic dehydration (HD) during gastroenteritis. This condition, characterized by high serum sodium levels, can lead to severe complications and death in infants.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Clinical Medicine
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Gastroenteritis is a common cause of dehydration in children.
    • Hypernatremic dehydration (HD) is a severe form of dehydration.
    • Identifying risk factors for HD is crucial for timely intervention.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the incidence and risk factors of hypernatremic dehydration in children admitted with gastroenteritis.
    • To investigate the association between HD and patient demographics, feeding practices, and clinical outcomes.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective study of 1045 children admitted with gastroenteritis over 12 months.
    • Serum sodium levels were analyzed in 802 patients.
    • Clinical data, including age, feeding history, and outcomes, were reviewed.

    Main Results:

    • Hypernatremic dehydration (HD) was diagnosed in 7.5% of patients (60/802).
    • Infants under 3 months had the highest incidence, most severe serum sodium levels, and worst outcomes.
    • Mortality (1.7%), peripheral gangrene (1.7%), and neurologic complications (6.7%) were observed, primarily in infants under 4 months.
    • Young age was identified as the primary risk factor, with environmental factors playing a minor role.

    Conclusions:

    • Young age, particularly under 3 months, is the most significant risk factor for developing hypernatremic dehydration in children with gastroenteritis.
    • HD in infants can lead to severe complications, including death and long-term neurological sequelae.
    • Further research into preventative strategies and management protocols for HD in this vulnerable population is warranted.

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