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A simple test for acetylator phenotype using caffeine.

D M Grant, B K Tang, W Kalow

    British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
    |April 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study introduces a simple caffeine test using common beverages to assess acetylation polymorphism. The method accurately identifies different acetylation capacities in individuals, aligning with established procedures.

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacogenetics
    • Biochemical analysis

    Background:

    • Acetylation polymorphism significantly impacts drug metabolism and clinical outcomes.
    • Existing methods for phenotyping acetylation capacity can be complex or require controlled intake.
    • Caffeine is widely consumed, offering a potential substrate for accessible phenotyping.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a simple method for assessing human acetylation polymorphism using commonly ingested caffeine.
    • To correlate caffeine metabolite ratios with established acetylation phenotyping procedures.

    Main Methods:

    • 146 subjects provided urine samples 2-6 hours after consuming coffee, tea, or cola.
    • High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the molar ratio of 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil (AFMU) to 1-methylxanthine (1X).

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    Main Results:

    • The AFMU/1X molar ratio successfully segregated subjects into three distinct acetylation capacity groups.
    • Results were consistent with standard sulphamethazine phenotyping and other controlled caffeine intake methods.
    • The method demonstrated day-to-day consistency in eight selected subjects.

    Conclusions:

    • Commonly ingested caffeine provides a practical and accessible tool for phenotyping acetylation capacity.
    • This method offers a reliable alternative for assessing clinically relevant acetylation polymorphism in large populations.
    • The established consistency supports its utility in clinical and research settings.