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Constrictive pericarditis: techniques for differential diagnosis.

J R Higgins, T A Ports

    Postgraduate Medicine
    |September 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Constrictive pericarditis, though rare, is increasingly seen due to medical procedures. Early diagnosis and pericardiectomy offer a high success rate for this debilitating condition.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Internal Medicine

    Background:

    • Constrictive pericarditis incidence is low but rising due to iatrogenic causes like dialysis, radiotherapy, and cardiovascular surgery.
    • The condition presents with common symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, edema, and abdominal discomfort, often with delayed diagnosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the incidence, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment of constrictive pericarditis.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of clinical presentation, diagnostic tools including physical examination, imaging (X-ray, echocardiography), electrocardiography, and cardiac catheterization.
    • Discussion of treatment options, focusing on pericardiectomy.

    Main Results:

    • Iatrogenic causes are increasing the incidence of constrictive pericarditis.

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  • Diagnosis can be delayed for years despite characteristic symptoms.
  • Pericardiectomy is the definitive treatment with up to a 90% success rate.

    • Conclusions:

    • Constrictive pericarditis requires a high index of suspicion for timely diagnosis.
    • Prompt surgical intervention (pericardiectomy) is crucial for managing this progressive and potentially incapacitating condition.