Pyelocaliceal diverticulum presenting as a disappearing renal mass

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Urology
• Radiology

Background:

• Kidney masses require accurate differential diagnosis.
• Pyelonephritis can present as a space-occupying renal lesion.
• Differentiating cystic renal masses is clinically important.

Observation:

• A rare case of a spontaneously resolving (disappearing) cystic renal mass was documented.
• The mass exhibited characteristics that initially suggested a space-occupying lesion.

Findings:

• Pyelocaliceal diverticulum is a crucial differential diagnosis for such renal masses.
• Conservative antibiotic therapy facilitated the diagnostic process.
• The mass's resolution supported the diagnosis of pyelocaliceal diverticulum.

Implications:

• Pyelocaliceal diverticulum diagnosis can be challenging.
• Antibiotic treatment can aid in differentiating certain cystic kidney masses.
• Prompt surgical intervention is advised for symptomatic pyelocaliceal diverticula to avoid pain and infection sequelae.