Comparative pharmacology and biological effects of different gold compounds

Auranofin's (AF) physical, chemical, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic properties differ from those of gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM). AF is lipid soluble, monomeric, nonconductive and is not a potent sulfhydryl reagent. In further contrast to GSTM, AF gold is orally absorbed, exhibits protracted blood levels, is bound to cellular elements of the blood, excreted mainly in the feces, and exhibits less tissue retention. AF is more effective in acute inflammatory models and is a potent inhibitor of lysosomal enzyme release, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and superoxide production. AF can suppress antibodies produced in adjuvant arthritic rats and those involved in cytotoxicity reactions; whereas, GSTM is ineffective or immunoenhancing. AF is more effective in stimulating abnormalized cell-mediated immunity. In conclusion, AF is a unique oral chrysotherapeutic agent which can affect cellular and immunopathological events involved in the perpetuation of inflammation and tissue damage.