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A characteristic EEG pattern in neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis.

E M Mizrahi, B R Tharp

    Neurology
    |November 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Electroencephalograms (EEGs) reveal unique patterns in infants with herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis. Specific EEG findings can help diagnose HSV encephalitis in infants, potentially improving outcomes.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Pediatrics
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is a severe condition in infants.
    • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes.
    • Electroencephalograms (EEGs) are used to monitor brain activity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the EEG patterns in infants diagnosed with HSV encephalitis.
    • To determine if specific EEG findings can aid in the diagnosis of HSV encephalitis.
    • To correlate EEG patterns with clinical outcomes in affected infants.

    Main Methods:

    • Acquisition of EEG data from six infants diagnosed with HSV encephalitis.
    • Analysis of EEG patterns, including multifocal periodic or quasiperiodic discharges.

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  • Correlation of EEG findings with clinical presentation, treatment initiation, and patient outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Four out of six infants exhibited a unique multifocal periodic or quasiperiodic EEG pattern.
    • One infant initially showed a quasiperiodic pattern that evolved into a periodic pattern.
    • A fifth infant developed a quasiperiodic pattern later in the disease course.
    • The infant who received early diagnosis and treatment did not develop periodic EEG patterns and had a moderate motor delay.
    • All infants who developed periodic EEG patterns either died or had severe encephalopathy.

    Conclusions:

    • A periodic EEG pattern in young infants with seizures and CSF pleocytosis is highly indicative of HSV encephalitis.
    • Early detection of HSV encephalitis and prompt therapeutic intervention may alter EEG patterns and improve neurological outcomes.
    • EEG analysis is a valuable tool in the diagnosis and prognostic assessment of HSV encephalitis in infants.