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Hemoperfusion in acute intoxication. Clinical experience with 48 cases
Acta Medica Scandinavica. Supplementum
|January 1, 1982
Summary
Hemoperfusion offers significant benefits for severe intoxication patients, particularly from barbiturates and meprobamates. However, it is less effective for certain drug overdoses and carries higher costs and side effects than hemodialysis.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Nephrology
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Severe intoxication presents a significant clinical challenge requiring effective treatment modalities.
- Hemoperfusion is an extracorporeal technique used to remove toxins from the blood.
Observation:
- Hemoperfusion was utilized in 58 instances for 48 patients with severe intoxication.
- A majority of patients, especially those with barbiturate or meprobamate overdose, showed marked improvement.
- Benefits were also noted in salicylate, paracetamol, quinidine, propranolol, and mushroom poisonings.
Findings:
- Hemoperfusion demonstrated efficacy in numerous intoxication cases but was of doubtful value or ineffective for tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazine, digoxin, and methanol.
- The treatment resulted in a 7% mortality rate.
- Hemoperfusion exhibited a higher incidence of side effects and greater disposable supply costs compared to hemodialysis.
Implications:
- Hemoperfusion is a valuable tool for specific severe intoxications where other treatments may fail.
- Hemodialysis may be preferred when equally effective due to lower costs and fewer side effects.
- The study highlights the existence of intoxications refractory to both hemoperfusion and hemodialysis, necessitating further research.