Vasovasostomy--is the microscope necessary?

Many techniques for vasovasostomy have been described, with each author suggesting his technique as the most effective procedure. Theoretical considerations such as leakage of sperm, obstruction, and narrowing of anastomosis suggest that a stentless technique with exact approximation of mucosal edges results in improved success rates. Careful macroscopic surgery with loupes, fine suture material, and experience on the part of the surgeon will give good results and pregnancy rates of 50 per cent. The value of microsurgery, however, becomes obvious when the anastomosis is performed in the convoluted portion of the vas and the epididymis. The microscope allows more mobility in allowing one to determine if the patient had a block proximal to the vasectomy site and then bypass these blocks. The success of vasovasostomy depends greatly on the surgeon's experience with the actual surgical technique. Although technique is of paramount importance, there are factors other than technique that determine the pregnancy rate. Factors important in the success of vasovasostomy, macro- and microscopic techniques, basic concepts, principles and techniques of the various procedures, and the merits and limitations of each procedure, will be discussed.