Risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer in Italy

In a case-control study conducted between May 1979 and February 1980, in Milan, Italy, to evaluate risk factors for ovarian cancer, various reproductive and menstrual characteristics, marital status, education, history of various diseases, and lifetime drug use were examined among 161 women with histologically proven epithelial cancer and 561 controls. Early menarche, late menopause, low parity, late age at first pregnancy and total ovulatory years were associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. The elevated risk associated with late age at first pregnancy was not accounted for by low parity. Many of the risk factors identified in this study are also accounted for by low parity. Many of the risk factors identified in this study are also related to the risk of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium and to breast cancer. Further exploration of these factors may lead to an improved understanding of the etiology of all three cancers.