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Patterns of deafness in newborns

F B Simmons

    The Laryngoscope
    |March 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Neonatal hearing screening identified significant hearing loss in high-risk infants. Most early childhood deafness originates in the neonatal period, often linked to anoxia.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neonatology
    • Audiology
    • Pediatric Health

    Background:

    • Neonatal hearing loss affects 1 in 1000 apparently normal newborns.
    • Graduates of intensive care nurseries have a significantly higher incidence of hearing loss (1 in 52).
    • Intrauterine and neonatal anoxia are identified as primary risk factors in high-risk infants.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the incidence and characteristics of hearing loss in newborns.
    • To identify risk factors associated with neonatal hearing impairment.
    • To determine the onset of hearing loss in early childhood.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the Crib-o-gram neonatal hearing screening tool.
    • Compared hearing loss incidence in normal newborns versus intensive care graduates.
    • Analyzed correlations between medical history, risk factors (e.g., anoxia), and audiogram results.

    Main Results:

    • Detected 42 babies with handicapping sensorineural hearing loss.
    • Anoxia was present in 73% of intensive care graduates with hearing loss.
    • Hearing loss was asymmetrical in 43% and progressive in 32% of affected infants.
    • Correlation between medical history and audiograms was poor for individual prediction.
    • Anoxia was associated with high-frequency hearing loss.

    Conclusions:

    • Most early childhood deafness is present at birth or identified during the neonatal period.
    • Neonatal hearing screening is crucial for early detection, especially in high-risk populations.
    • Anoxia is a significant risk factor for neonatal hearing loss, often leading to high-frequency deficits.

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