Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety
10:51

Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety

Published on: January 20, 2012

Control of confounding in the assessment of medical technology

S Greenland, R Neutra

    International Journal of Epidemiology
    |December 1, 1980
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Microbial Control and Monitoring Strategies for Cleanroom Environments and Cellular Therapies09:30

    Microbial Control and Monitoring Strategies for Cleanroom Environments and Cellular Therapies

    Published on: March 17, 2023

    A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Cranial Electrical Stimulation for Fibromyalgia Pain and Physical Function, Using Brain Imaging Biomarkers08:33

    A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Cranial Electrical Stimulation for Fibromyalgia Pain and Physical Function, Using Brain Imaging Biomarkers

    Published on: January 5, 2024

    Related Concept Videos

    Blind Procedures02:07

    Blind Procedures

    Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...
    Clinical Trials01:16

    Clinical Trials

    Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
    There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
    Blinding01:11

    Blinding

    Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
    Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

    Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

    Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
    Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
    Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

    Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

    Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
    Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding01:25

    Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding

    Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
    Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...