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Relationship between agoraphobia and field dependence

M H Rock, L Goldberger

    The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
    |November 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Agoraphobia may be distinct from other phobias due to early developmental conflicts. Female agoraphobic patients showed higher field dependence, suggesting differences in self-other differentiation.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Clinical Psychology
    • Cognitive Science

    Background:

    • Agoraphobia is increasingly viewed as etiologically distinct from other phobic disorders.
    • Central to this distinction are conflicts related to separation and individuation (self-other differentiation).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide quantitative evidence for the clinical observation that agoraphobia is etiologically distinct.
    • To investigate the relationship between agoraphobia and field dependence as a measure of self-other differentiation.

    Main Methods:

    • 166 outpatients were divided into three groups: agoraphobia, simple phobias, and mixed phobias.
    • The Group Embedded Figures Test was administered to measure field dependence.
    • One-way analysis of variance was used to compare field dependence across groups, separately for males and females.

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    Main Results:

    • A significant difference in field dependence was found for females (p < .05).
    • Female agoraphobic patients exhibited greater field dependence than female simple phobic patients.
    • No significant differences in field dependence were observed among male phobic groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Findings support the view of agoraphobia as distinct, particularly in females.
    • Field dependence may reflect differences in self-other differentiation in female agoraphobia.
    • Further research is needed to explore gender differences in the etiology of phobic disorders.