On adolescent manic-depressive psychosis. Long-term observation and follow-up study

Discussions were held on the clinical properties and the prognosis of 13 adolescent manic-depressive cases. The precipitating factors were significantly frequent in the first episodes. In general, the successive episodes seemed to become somewhat longer as far as the mixed or atypical episodes were concerned. In addition, the cycle-duration and the length of intervals seemed also to become longer along with an increase in age. Besides the atypicalness in clinical pictures, we emphasized on the frequent changes in phase-components even within a few months. The course in most cases was bipolar, while there were a few cases that indicated relatively long remissions lasting for several years after frequent episodes. Only one case was diagnosed as atypical psychosis in the later stage.