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Related Experiment Videos

Memory and convulsive stimulation: effects of stimulus waveform

C W Spanis, L R Squire

    The American Journal of Psychiatry
    |September 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Brief-pulse electrical stimulation, used in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), did not reduce memory loss in mice compared to sine-wave stimulation when seizures were equated. Further research is needed before adopting brief-pulse ECT in humans.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Psychopharmacology
    • Behavioral Science

    Background:

    • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a medical treatment most often used for patients with severe major depression or bipolar disorder that has not responded to other treatments.
    • Conventional ECT utilizes sine-wave electrical stimulation, which has been associated with cognitive side effects, including memory loss.
    • Brief-pulse electrical stimulation has been proposed as an alternative ECT method that may reduce memory impairment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of brief-pulse electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on memory in mice.
    • To compare the amnesic effects of brief-pulse stimulation with conventional sine-wave stimulation under controlled conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Mice were subjected to electroconvulsive shock (ECS) using various stimulation parameters, including waveform, current intensity, pulse width, and duration.
    • Stimulation parameters were adjusted to equate the seizure-producing ability across different conditions.
    • Amnesia was assessed using behavioral memory tests following ECS.

    Main Results:

    • When the ability to produce seizures was matched, low-energy, brief-pulse stimulation resulted in amnesia comparable to, and sometimes exceeding, that caused by sine-wave stimulation.
    • The energy required for brief-pulse stimulation to induce a seizure was lower than that for sine-wave stimulation.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings suggest that brief-pulse electrical stimulation does not inherently reduce amnesia compared to sine-wave stimulation when seizure intensity is equivalent.
    • The clinical application of brief-pulse stimulation for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in humans is not supported by this study in the absence of direct human comparative data.

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