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Contact urticaria from cinnamic aldehyde

C G Mathias, R R Chappler, H I Maibach

    Archives of Dermatology
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Cinnamic aldehyde in mouthwash caused lip swelling and skin reactions in individuals with allergies. Further testing confirmed cinnamic aldehyde as the allergen, with reactions varying by application details.

    Area of Science:

    • Allergology
    • Dermatology
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Allergic reactions to oral hygiene products can manifest as orofacial swelling.
    • Individuals with pre-existing conditions like allergic rhinitis and asthma may exhibit heightened sensitivity to certain chemical compounds.

    Observation:

    • A patient with allergic rhinitis and asthma developed lip swelling after using a mouthwash containing cinnamic aldehyde.
    • Open application of the mouthwash induced immediate skin reactions (erythema, urticaria) in both the patient and control subjects.

    Findings:

    • Cinnamic aldehyde was identified as the causative agent responsible for the observed allergic reactions.
    • The intensity and occurrence of positive reactions were influenced by factors including application site, vehicle, concentration, and observation time.

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  • Among related cinnamates, cinnamic acid demonstrated detectable responses at comparable concentrations.

    • Implications:

    • This study highlights cinnamic aldehyde as a potential allergen in oral hygiene products, necessitating careful formulation and consumer awareness.
    • The findings underscore the importance of patch testing for identifying specific chemical triggers in patients experiencing adverse reactions to consumer products.
    • Further research into the dose-response relationship and cross-reactivity of cinnamates is warranted for improved product safety.