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Screening for prostate cancer
D Pode1, A Shapiro, P Lebensart
1Department of Urology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
Israel Journal of Medical Sciences
|February 1, 1995
Summary
Early prostate cancer detection using digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening identified tumors confined to the prostate in most cases. Combined screening methods showed a 3.1% detection rate, encouraging early intervention.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Oncology
- Diagnostic Medicine
Background:
- Prostate cancer screening aims for early detection when tumors are localized.
- Digital rectal examination (DRE) and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are key screening tools.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of DRE and serum PSA in the early detection of prostate cancer.
- To determine the cancer detection rate and stage at diagnosis using these methods.
Main Methods:
- 1000 men aged 50-75 underwent DRE and serum PSA testing.
- Biopsies were performed for suspicious DRE or PSA levels > 10 ng/ml.
- Transrectal ultrasound guided biopsies were utilized.
Main Results:
- The combined detection rate for prostate cancer was 3.1%.
- Of 31 prostate cancer cases, 29 were confined to the prostate (Stage A or B).
- 91% of detected tumors were biologically significant based on volume and grade.
Conclusions:
- Combined DRE and PSA screening effectively detects localized prostate cancer.
- Early detection through these methods, alongside transrectal ultrasound, should be encouraged.
- Further evidence is needed to confirm screening's impact on disease-specific mortality reduction.