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Controlling non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in developing countries

M C Gulliford1

  • 1Commonwealth Caribbean Medical Research Council, Port of Spain, Trinidad.

International Journal of Epidemiology
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a growing problem in low-income countries, particularly in the Caribbean. Effective primary prevention strategies like controlling obesity and inactivity are crucial, but long-term interventions require further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Chronic Disease Management

Background:

  • The epidemiological transition increases chronic non-communicable disease burden in low- and middle-income countries.
  • Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) presents a significant health challenge in the English-speaking Caribbean.
  • High prevalence of NIDDM documented over three decades necessitates targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the problem of NIDDM in the English-speaking Caribbean.
  • To highlight the need for effective, long-term primary prevention strategies.
  • To identify research priorities for controlling NIDDM in the region.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological surveys and existing evidence on NIDDM prevalence and prevention.

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  • Analysis of the impact of NIDDM on health status in developing countries.
  • Assessment of challenges in implementing and monitoring interventions within resource constraints.

    • Main Results:

    • Evidence supports obesity and physical inactivity control for NIDDM primary prevention.
    • NIDDM leads to acute illness, long-term disability (blindness, amputation), and premature mortality (stroke, heart disease, renal disease).
    • Improving preventive clinical management is the most immediate approach to control NIDDM health problems.

    Conclusions:

    • Addressing NIDDM in the Caribbean requires overcoming social, organizational, and resource challenges.
    • Identifying cost-effective methods to improve existing NIDDM services is the immediate research priority.
    • Long-term, culturally appropriate interventions for NIDDM prevention and management are needed.