Preoperative endocrine tumor localization utilizing a cost-effective approach

Endocrine tumors commonly produce characteristic clinical signs, and laboratory tests lead to accurate diagnosis in a high percentage of cases. The successful management of these tumors usually requires complete surgical resection. A large number of preoperative localization procedures to facilitate the operative management of these tumors have been developed. This report reviews the recent contributions to this literature, with a particular emphasis on cost-effective use of these procedures.