[Hygienic aspects of emergency care: principles, requirements and reality]

In preclinical emergency and rescue medicine, on-target and often improvised and smooth work is essential. Thus, some reductions of clinical standards must be accepted but cannot excuse fundamental mistakes. Hygienic protection of patients and medical staff are both equally important; however, preserving the vital functions of patients deserves top priority. In Germany, official guidelines govern the hygienic equipment of ambulance cars and hygienic management during and after transport both in routine and special cases. Disinfection of skin, hands and surfaces and hygienic protection of the medical staff predominate in daily work. Standard hygienic procedures during application of venous leads, intubation and artificial ventilation and correct handling of sterile materials should also be considered. The main goal of teaching is routine establishment of basic hygienic procedures, and, in addition, creation of sufficient hygienic basic knowledge for assessment and control of unusual situations.