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[Mental disease between norm and history]

G Caruso1, P Paduano, R A Zoccali

  • 1Cattedra di Igiene Mentale, Università degli Studi, Messina.

Minerva Psichiatrica
|June 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

The study clarifies that functional norms, crucial for understanding mental disease, are constantly evolving with scientific knowledge. Misinterpreting social norms as functional or statistical deviations can lead to inaccurate diagnoses in psychiatry.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Sociology
  • Philosophy of Science

Context:

  • The definition of 'norm' in relation to mental health is complex and has evolved.
  • Historically, psychiatric diagnoses have been influenced by shifting social values and statistical outliers.
  • Scientific knowledge, particularly in psychiatry, is characterized by constant evolution and inherent uncertainty.

Purpose:

  • To differentiate between statistical, social, and functional norms.
  • To analyze the historical confusion between social and functional norms in psychiatric contexts.
  • To examine the impact of evolving social norms on the understanding of mental disease and pathological processes.

Summary:

  • The functional norm is intrinsically linked to the dynamic and uncertain nature of scientific progress.
  • In psychiatry, social aspects have frequently been conflated with functional aspects, and statistical anomalies misinterpreted as abnormality.
  • The temporal variability of social norms has historically influenced functional norms, consequently affecting the perception and understanding of pathological processes.

Impact:

  • Provides a clearer framework for defining and assessing mental health conditions.
  • Highlights the need for critical evaluation of diagnostic criteria in psychiatry.
  • Emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between objective functional impairments and subjective social expectations in clinical practice.

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