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Sample size estimation for clinicians

C P Archibald1, H P Lee

  • 1Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore.

Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
|March 1, 1995
PubMed
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Determining adequate sample size is crucial for reliable clinical research. This guide helps clinicians calculate sample size requirements for common study types, ensuring valid research conclusions.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Research Methodology
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Adequate sample size is critical for the validity and interpretability of clinical research findings.
  • Neglecting sample size calculations during the planning phase can lead to inconclusive or misleading results, particularly in negative studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To underscore the importance of sufficient sample size in clinical research.
  • To provide clinicians with methods for estimating sample size for studies comparing two means or two proportions.

Main Methods:

  • The paper outlines four key components for sample size determination: desired statistical power, statistical significance level, data variability, and the minimum clinically significant difference.
  • Illustrative examples from existing literature are used to demonstrate practical application.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Clinicians are guided on utilizing published tables and computer software for calculations.

    • Main Results:

    • Sample size calculations are feasible for clinicians using readily available resources.
    • Understanding and applying these calculations enhances the reliability of study interpretations.

    Conclusions:

    • Emphasizing sample size and statistical power during research planning is essential for drawing valid conclusions.
    • Adherence to these guidelines improves the quality and impact of clinical research.