[Antibiotic therapy in general practice]

Area of Science:

• General Practice
• Infectious Diseases
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Antibiotic overuse is a significant concern in general practice.
• Viral infections are the most common cause of fever, often leading to unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.
• Distinguishing between bacterial and viral infections is crucial for appropriate treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline strategies for differentiating viral from bacterial infections in primary care.
• To emphasize the role of biomarkers like C-reactive protein (CRP) in guiding antibiotic therapy.
• To discuss the principles of "calculated therapy" for minimizing inappropriate antibiotic use.

Main Methods:

• Review of diagnostic approaches for fever in general practice.
• Evaluation of C-reactive protein (CRP) as an indicator of bacterial infection.
• Analysis of antibiotic selection based on infection site, microbial sensitivity, effectiveness, side effects, and cost.

Main Results:

• C-reactive protein (CRP) levels rise specifically in bacterial infections and their decline indicates successful treatment.
• Knowledge of the infection's location allows for prediction of causative microorganisms and their antibiotic sensitivities.
• "Calculated therapy" minimizes the use of broad-spectrum or ineffective antibiotics.

Conclusions:

• Antibiotic therapy should be reserved exclusively for confirmed bacterial infections.
• Utilizing diagnostic markers and targeted "calculated therapy" improves antibiotic stewardship in general practice.
• Informed antibiotic selection based on efficacy, safety, and cost is essential for patient care.