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Changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets associated with marathon running

A Haq1, K al-Hussein, J Lee

  • 1Department of Biological and Medical Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|February 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Marathon running significantly reduced T-lymphocytes (CD3 cells) and altered B lymphocytes (CD19 cells) and NK cells (CD16 cells). Endurance exercise also caused stress-induced leukocytosis and increased cortisol levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Stress Response

Background:

  • Marathon running is a strenuous endurance exercise.
  • Understanding the immunological and physiological responses to extreme exercise is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of marathon running on peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets.
  • To examine changes in white blood cell count and serum cortisol levels post-marathon.

Main Methods:

  • Fluorescence-activated flow cytometry was used to enumerate T-lymphocyte (CD3, CD4, CD8), B-lymphocyte (CD19), and NK cell (CD16) subsets.
  • Peripheral blood samples were collected before and immediately after the marathon.
  • White blood cell counts and serum cortisol levels were measured.

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Main Results:

  • A significant reduction in CD3 cells and significant changes in CD19 and CD16 cells were observed post-marathon.
  • No significant changes were found in CD4, CD8 cells, or the CD4/CD8 ratio.
  • Marked leukocytosis (2.9-fold increase in WBC) and a significant increase in serum cortisol were recorded.
  • No change in hematocrit was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term physical exercise, such as marathon running, significantly impacts T-cell subsets and immune cell populations.
  • The observed leukocytosis is stress-dependent, correlating with elevated cortisol levels rather than hemoconcentration.